Wednesday, August 31, 2011
Fashion on the slate
Slate now back in vogue. Asbestos cement slate can be regarded as a roof covering made of tonkoarmirovannogo cement, fibers which have high tensile strength, tensile stresses are perceived. Slate now back in vogue. Asbestos cement slate can be regarded as a roof covering made of tonkoarmirovannogo cement, fibers which have high tensile strength, tensile stresses are perceived. Such material has not only high mechanical strength, but also other valuable properties: fire resistance, low permeability, durability. Asbestos cement slate of very cheap material, but the attitude of consumers towards him is ambiguous. In our country, the controversy about the harmful effects of asbestos does not last one year: there is a perception that its use is injurious to health. But the slate is mounted on the outer side of the roof, also located underneath several layers of roof membrane: it turns out that he is not in direct contact with humans and is unlikely to harm health. We establish the fact that asbestos is not banned in Russia: it is still widely used in construction. This slate is an inexpensive, one of the most popular roofing materials. Moreover, it is easy to install: it can be cut and drilled conventional carpentry tools. Perhaps, asbestos slate is not very aesthetic in the traditional "Soviet" performance, but lately in the stores, new, colored variety of the material. Currently used types of asbestos-cement products such as corrugated sheets, flat panels and roof panels.
Aesthetic standard
The authority of a natural tile, conquered over the centuries, does not waver even after people started using alternative forms of metal roofing, bitumen, polymers. But until now, their background, ceramic tile is an aesthetic standard, a symbol of prestige, wealth and prosperity. Not surprisingly, the more modern roofing systems have not received even own the original title and as an honorary title, have the name of their glorious predecessors: asphalt shingles, tile polymer-sand, metal ... True, there are in this series product, as close to its virtues to the original and in appearance, and the degree of closeness to nature, - tile cement and sand, or concrete. And it is no coincidence these two materials often incorporated the term "natural tiles. Content of the "natural product" refers to the fact that it is made from natural materials. This is equally true for the ceramic, and concrete tiles, manufactured using natural minerals. Therefore, the cement and sand, and clay tiles on the characteristics and environmental performance are almost identical. The chemical composition of clay - is a complex compound of silicon oxide (a natural quartz sand), aluminum oxide doped with iron oxide, which gives it a red hue, typical of ceramics. To enhance the decorative effect of the ceramic tile glaze (vitreous coating is applied and secured firing) or angobiruyut (coated with clay from the CEE-toobrazuyuschimi additives). Cement - a material obtained by fine grinding of limestone (calcium oxide), fired with clay at a temperature of 1000 "followed by the addition of gypsum (calcium sulfate).
All of the shingles
In recent years, buyers increasingly in demand started to use soft roof. Produced this type of roof by cutting plastic sheets of polymer-bitumen materials. These sheets are flat. When such a soft roof is laid on the roof, it resembles a slab of shingles or natural slate. Soft roof is a piece organic material. Its main advantages over other roofing materials lies in the fact that the soft top does not break during installation, ie it is not fragile, which is much easier to work with her. Soft roof is a very long time. If it was packed and mounted correctly, it can last for fifteen - twenty years. Advantages over other soft roof roof increased by three methods, namely: - improve the composition of asphalt binder polymer materiala.Blagodarya certain polymer additives bitumen receives considerably more operating temperatures, thereby decreasing its brittleness. Given the higher temperature softening, bitumen remains soft longer and loses its elasticity. To improve the quality used materials such as styrene-butadiene-styrene and polypropylene. This soft roof does not lose its flexibility even at temperatures of minus thirty degrees Celsius, has a very good heat resistance, it is practically not affected by atmospheric phenomena, including ultraviolet. So are the advantages of a soft roof provided by the fact that the cardboard base is replaced by another, more durable. Such bases are made with synthetic or glass fibers. Non-woven materials and fabrics that are made from these fibers are not subject to rotting, excellent repel water and are very durable.
Shingles
One of the special types of roofing - shingles is a form of a soft roof and consists of a flexible asphalt shingles on top sprinkled with rock dust. This kind of coverage has eye-catching appearance and long life (30-40 years). Aesthetic properties of the soft tile in no way inferior to the ceramic, but it is significantly cheaper. Modern shingles made of the latest technologies. Basis of shingles - fiberglass or fiberglass, on which both sides suffered oxidised or modified bitumen. On the right side and cause a stone or mineral crumb, which gives the coating a variety of colors and protects it from climatic influences, and is detrimental to bitumen of UV rays, ensuring a long period of operation. The underside of the plates of shingles is a layer (usually more than 50% surface area), modified bitumen self-adhesive, protected by a special silicone film. Modified bitumen - is not destroyed and does not flow when temperature drops, and provides a low fire hazard of a roof. Synthetic base - glass fiber or polyester, which provides the geometric and physical stability of the shingles from rupture or other damage. Stone chips - made from special types of stone, which do not absorb moisture and therefore do not crack. Can be painted at high temperatures and does not change over time, its color. In addition, the shingles belongs to the category of light roofing - her weight is 11.8 kg/m2. Since shingles is a piece material and does not form a completely continuous coating, it does not require flexibility in as much as roll materials.
Tuesday, August 30, 2011
Ceramic tile
What is the reason for this success shingles? First of all - the attractiveness and durability, during which the material retains its technical and aesthetic properties. Ceramic tile is securely protected from the weather - it can withstand more than 150 cycles of freezing and thawing. This material is resistant to external influences - acid rain, solar radiation, extreme temperatures, and also copes with the function of heat and sound insulation. Small size of individual elements to cover the roof of the most complex shapes without large amounts of prirezki material. Shingles provides optimal ventilation conditions subcritical velnogo space. Types of tiles ceramic tiles - this piece of plastic roofing material fusible clays by firing. It can be an S-shaped, undulating, high-and low-profile, bespazovoy (flat), and trough. Natural color of ceramic tile, depending on the composition of clay and firing modes are red-brown or yellow-gray shades. Over time, it is covered by a noble patina and slightly darker. And on the market today a variety of colors clay tiles is the result of engobing - drawing on a blank tile surface of a special solution - engobe. It is composed of powdered clay mixed with water and various minerals, which give by firing the appropriate palette. Glazed tile is good because over time it does not change its color. Another way to impart non-traditional colors - glazing. Before firing, the surface of workpiece shingles applied vitreous mass. Under high temperatures it solidifies, forming a protective layer.
Between heaven and earth
In the roof two duties, and each - basic. First, protect the house from the weather, and secondly, to give him a personal appearance. To cope with these duties, each roofing material provides its own set of "special means". About that, what are the characteristics of basic materials for covering pitched roofs, and will be discussed. Ceramic Tiles of clay tiles used for roofing unit for several millennia. It can rightly be called a natural material. The "serious" producers raw mixture from which the tiles are produced by almost 100% composed of clay (usually combinations of several shale rock) and clay - is a compound of silicon oxide, aluminum and iron. Why not 100%? Because the mixture may be added such as barium carbonate, which prevents the appearance of efflorescence on the surface of the product, and others, exclusively organic additives that improve the quality of the product. The manufacturing process of tiles is as follows: damp, cleansed of foreign inclusions, compacted clay molded by the press, after which the day is dried and fired at temperatures above 1000 ° C. One of the main advantages of ceramic tile - elegant "appearance". Distinguish tiles coated with or without him. It is part of raw materials and the firing temperature determine the color tiles without the coating. Characteristic red color is produced due to high content of clay-iron oxide. Yellowish color indicates the presence of calcium in the clay, brownish - manganese. You can find tiles, dark brown or grayish-black color that results from a double (the so-called reduction firing): the first time in the usual way, the second - in the oven with a lower temperature (about 800 ° C) and the absence of oxygen.
Evroshifer, metal tile, soft tile
The last decade was marked by the active promotion of a number of new roofing materials. One after the other in the marketplace took evroshifer, metal tile, soft tile, surpassing traditional roofing materials. Today's story - about one of the "new friends" - bitumen, or, as it is called, soft tiles. Advantages of a roof - is, first of all, simplicity of service, as well as durability, resistance to wind loads. Preserving dignity evroruberoyda, soft roof, unlike the material, has a beautiful appearance. Shingles is almost waste-free does not rust and rot (she was not afraid of any pests) and is suitable for simple surfaces, and for roofs that contain complex architectural elements. Finally, a small proportion of the material (depending on the manufacturer and the components used, about 9.12 kg / m 2) allows the use of lightweight truss construction, a variety of shapes, colors and shades - to achieve a unique solution for each individual home. Tiles produced various forms: in the form of a hexagon, rectangle, triangle, oval, wavy, etc., and has lots of colors. COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS At first glance, this material is nothing new - soft tile is shaped pieces of glass fiber or polyester fiber (base), impregnated with a binder on a modified bitumen basis, and, in fact, not very different from evroruberoyda (except that the geometry and , respectively, in a manner fasteners). In fact, the systematic improvement of the properties has led to a qualitatively new product, rightfully popular zastoyschikov.
Monday, August 29, 2011
Once again on the roofing materials
Vitaly Lviv roof as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Roofing, as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Modern building materials market offers the buyer a fairly wide range of roofing: tile, soft roof, roofing copper, metal and other materials, each of which has its own features during the installation and operation. However, the choice of roofing material depends not only on customer's preferences, but also from the baseline. As you know, all the buildings can be divided into two types: frame and major. Frame - is when the carrier performs the function in a certain way filled frame, made of thick logs or planks (50-70 mm). Cavity between the framing members at the same time filled with some kind of effective insulation. Such constructions imply a lightweight frame type roof. That is, the weight of roofing material should be "easy", no more than 5 kg/m2. This group includes materials such as soft asphalt shingles, metal, Onduline, "etc.
Roofing plus
Vladimir Mikhailov Many people think that the important thing at the top - this is a roofing material. And it's not far from the truth. However, non sorts additional elements that allow to mount and operate the roof with no problems. If you look closely to any roof, it soon becomes apparent that for her, apart from the roofing material, there is something else. Some elements combine pieces of the roof, some rise above it, others are attached at the side and are intended for diversion of rain and melt water. We begin our review directly with the additional elements that are needed for all types of roofs. Any pitched roof (such as the vast majority of suburban homes) has a ridge, where converge the opposite of the roof, in some cases - valley in which the roof izlamyvaetsya forming inside corners. These sites of fractures, joints of different fragments of the roof, require careful protection. Ie, the first additional elements - it skates and valley, as well as cornices, without which, too, is a part of the roof. But their list is not exhaustive, it is very large and diverse. And there are certain differences in the composition of these elements for different types of roofs. Manufacturing companies, again, in his own form this set is called functionally similar elements. Take, for example, one of the most common roofing material - metal. As is known, it is a sheet roofing material, which comes with a special fixture and a number of additional elements. In one proposal, this series is as follows: skate, skate shaped strap curtain strap snow guard, trim profile, plums garage, valley bottom, the upper valley, a cap.
Termoplastkompozitnaya shingles
Is it easy to choose the ideal coating for the roof of your holiday home? Slate is no different aesthetic, metal sheets do not provide adequate insulation, roofing felt at all "to-face only outbuildings. Optimal choice is likely to be called shingles, but not simple, and termoplastkompozitnuyu! Classic tile has a number of disadvantages, among which are the large mass, complexity of installation and relatively high costs. In addition, it is extremely brittle material: moisture accumulated in the pores, literally tearing the shingles in the cold. Termoplastkompozitnaya tile is an adequate alternative and has many positive attributes: strength, lightness and ease of use. Termoplastkompozit - a chemically resistant construction material made of silica sand and polymers with the addition of dyes. Pigments give the substance of additional aesthetic properties, and the presence of special additives guarantees protection from ultraviolet radiation and combustion. Main technical characteristics and properties: 1. Ease Termoplastkompozit from which the similar tiles in 1.7 times lighter than ceramic, and in 2,4 times - concrete. This property is important both for transport and installation. 2. Water resistance coefficient of water absorption in termoplastkompozita 2-3 times lower than that of concrete and clay tiles. 3. Easy to install Such tiles can be nailed to the roof with nails. It is easily cut and quickly assembled. In this temoplastkeramzit can be placed even on the slope of 15 degrees instead of the traditional 25.
All of the shingles
In recent years, buyers increasingly in demand started to use soft roof. Produced this type of roof by cutting plastic sheets of polymer-bitumen materials. These sheets are flat. When such a soft roof is laid on the roof, it resembles a slab of shingles or natural slate. Soft roof is a piece organic material. Its main advantages over other roofing materials lies in the fact that the soft top does not break during installation, ie it is not fragile, which is much easier to work with her. Soft roof is a very long time. If it was packed and mounted correctly, it can last for fifteen - twenty years. Advantages over other soft roof roof increased by three methods, namely: - improve the composition of asphalt binder polymer materiala.Blagodarya certain polymer additives bitumen receives considerably more operating temperatures, thereby decreasing its brittleness. Given the higher temperature softening, bitumen remains soft longer and loses its elasticity. To improve the quality used materials such as styrene-butadiene-styrene and polypropylene. This soft roof does not lose its flexibility even at temperatures of minus thirty degrees Celsius, has a very good heat resistance, it is practically not affected by atmospheric phenomena, including ultraviolet. So are the advantages of a soft roof provided by the fact that the cardboard base is replaced by another, more durable. Such bases are made with synthetic or glass fibers. Non-woven materials and fabrics that are made from these fibers are not subject to rotting, excellent repel water and are very durable.
Once again on the roofing materials
Vitaly Lviv roof as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Roofing, as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Modern building materials market offers the buyer a fairly wide range of roofing: tile, soft roof, roofing copper, metal and other materials, each of which has its own features during the installation and operation. However, the choice of roofing material depends not only on customer's preferences, but also from the baseline. As you know, all the buildings can be divided into two types: frame and major. Frame - is when the carrier performs the function in a certain way filled frame, made of thick logs or planks (50-70 mm). Cavity between the framing members at the same time filled with some kind of effective insulation. Such constructions imply a lightweight frame type roof. That is, the weight of roofing material should be "easy", no more than 5 kg/m2. This group includes materials such as soft asphalt shingles, metal, Onduline, "etc.
Sunday, August 28, 2011
The roof of the roll materials
Producing basic and groundless roll materials. Major manufactured by processing framework (roofing paper, asbestos paper, glass, etc.) bitumen, tar, and mixtures thereof. Groundless obtained as webs of certain thickness, using rolling mixtures composed of organic binders (usually asphalt), filler (mineral powder or shredded rubber) and additives (preservative, plasticizer). The main requirement for rolled roofing materials - water resistance, which persists only in the absence of cracks and breaks. Therefore, taking into account the working conditions of the material on the roof (a wide range of temperatures and UV radiation) and the need for plasticity during his placement (unwinding and adhering rolls) the most important indicators of quality of rolled materials are: - flexibility (measured by the minimum temperature at which no crack at the bend of the strip of material on the rod with a certain radius) - heat resistance - resistance (estimated by the effort to break the strip of material 5 cm wide). The most common rolled roofing materials include: roofing, asphalt and only. Widespread glassine and roofing material because of their adaptability: they are easy to manufacture roofing materials and devices in a wide range of angles of slope and roof structures for a variety of reasons. Such materials are used on roofs with low slope on concrete or other "continuous" basis. Traditional roofing has the form of a multilayer (three to five layers) of glassine or carpet underlayment roofing material (bottom layers) and the coating of roofing material (top layer), to be applied bituminous mastics.
What's missing from the roof?
Any large project consists of many small nuances, and losing one of them can ruin the common cause. In the construction of the building of such elements may be a system of sewers. It seems to be a trifle, but its lack of ability to deal with life spoil the homeowner. Tarnished suffering "Rain pokapal and passed, the sun in the whole world - it's very good ..." if there is rainwater. The value of drainage system in the life of buildings becomes more apparent just after the rain, especially heavy. If you enjoy the sun has come out in rubber boots, then forgot about the drain, or installed incorrectly. The roof of the building sheltering the building from rain and snow, but its area is the site collecting large amount of moisture. If she did not organize the "escape route", every rainy day will approximate the demolition of a building. Water flows flowing from the roof after rain or during snow melt, can not only wet feet, but the foundation. If her "help" comes a little breeze, then the facade of a building is not big trouble. Particularly felt by this negativity so-called "wet" plastered facades. Suffers not only the appearance of: excess moisture penetrating the walls and foundation of the house, greatly reduces the insulating properties of materials. She also becomes the cause of the destruction, as the expanded and contracted again with sharp temperature changes ("zero crossing"). Not escape the negative impact of the roof itself, especially if she has a complex configuration.
GOST 51032-97 Material construction. The test method for flame spread
GOST 51032-97 Group F 39 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Building Materials Test Method for Flame Propagation Building materials Spread flame test method of introducing Date 01.01.1997 1. Developed by the State Central Scientific-Research and Development Institute of the experimental complex issues of building structures and facilities of VA Kucherenko (CNIISK im.Kucherenko) State Research Centre for Construction "(SRC" Building "), the All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Defense ( VNIIPO) Russian Interior Ministry with the participation of the Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of Russia made by the Office of standardization, technical regulation and certification of the Ministry of Construction of Russia 2. Adopted and put into effect the decision of the Ministry of Construction of Russia from 27.12.1996 № 18-93 was 3. GOST 30444-97 "Construction materials. Test Method for Flame Propagation", promulgated by Decree State Construction Committee of Russia from 20.03.98 N 18-21, recognized as having the same force with GOST 51032-97 in the Russian Federation in connection with complete authenticity of their content. Introduction This standard was developed based on the draft standard ISO / ICP 9239.2, "Major tests - Reaction to fire - the flame for a horizontal surface floor coverings under the influence of radiative heat source of ignition." Section 6 - 8 of this standard authentic relevant sections of the draft standard ISO / ICP 9239.2. 1 Scope This standard specifies the test method for flame spread on materials of the surface layers of structural floors and roofs, as well as their classification into groups of flame propagation.
Saturday, August 27, 2011
Icebreaker on the roof
Some time ago on the news feeds of many news agencies was reported: in the Russian city of Izhevsk in the Office of Technical Inspection established a new post - Inspector of icicles. Perhaps the inhabitants of the southern latitudes of such information may cause a smile, but we, the inhabitants of the largest country in the world, not for jokes. Small and fragile icicles are the source of this headache, including in the truest sense of the word, for so many. How to protect the roof of his house from these insidious "Ice Monster"? The extraction of water for water - not only the foundation of life. It is also an inexhaustible source of problems for homeowners. During the summer, free to "walk" the moisture leads to many ills: accumulates in microcracks, brick and concrete, tempting the foundation becomes a cause of mold and mildew. In winter, fluid moves into a different phase state - ice, which not only spoils the roof and facade, reducing their service life, but, turning into icicles, also "bombed" the inhabitants of the house. The only reliable way to overcome the attack - just take the excess water. In this case, comes to help the modern gutter - a complex system consisting of gutters, drains, pipes and additional items. But just enough to buy a set. Must take into account a number of nuances, and even a little bit count. For example, for the good of the system should be related to the slope and area of ??the roof with a capacity of drains and pipes.
Once again on the roofing materials
Vitaly Lviv roof as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Roofing, as part of the roof, is one of the fundamental elements of the building, since the quality of the roofing material is directly dependent, and the life of the entire building. The impact of precipitation in winter, sudden temperature changes during the offseason and mechanical damage can be greatly reduced by properly chosen roof. Modern building materials market offers the buyer a fairly wide range of roofing: tile, soft roof, roofing copper, metal and other materials, each of which has its own features during the installation and operation. However, the choice of roofing material depends not only on customer's preferences, but also from the baseline. As you know, all the buildings can be divided into two types: frame and major. Frame - is when the carrier performs the function in a certain way filled frame, made of thick logs or planks (50-70 mm). Cavity between the framing members at the same time filled with some kind of effective insulation. Such constructions imply a lightweight frame type roof. That is, the weight of roofing material should be "easy", no more than 5 kg/m2. This group includes materials such as soft asphalt shingles, metal, Onduline, "etc.
Friday, August 26, 2011
Between heaven and earth
In the roof two duties, and each - basic. First, protect the house from the weather, and secondly, to give him a personal appearance. To cope with these duties, each roofing material provides its own set of "special means". About that, what are the characteristics of basic materials for covering pitched roofs, and will be discussed. Ceramic Tiles of clay tiles used for roofing unit for several millennia. It can rightly be called a natural material. The "serious" producers raw mixture from which the tiles are produced by almost 100% composed of clay (usually combinations of several shale rock) and clay - is a compound of silicon oxide, aluminum and iron. Why not 100%? Because the mixture may be added such as barium carbonate, which prevents the appearance of efflorescence on the surface of the product, and others, exclusively organic additives that improve the quality of the product. The manufacturing process of tiles is as follows: damp, cleansed of foreign inclusions, compacted clay molded by the press, after which the day is dried and fired at temperatures above 1000 ° C. One of the main advantages of ceramic tile - elegant "appearance". Distinguish tiles coated with or without him. It is part of raw materials and the firing temperature determine the color tiles without the coating. Characteristic red color is produced due to high content of clay-iron oxide. Yellowish color indicates the presence of calcium in the clay, brownish - manganese. You can find tiles, dark brown or grayish-black color that results from a double (the so-called reduction firing): the first time in the usual way, the second - in the oven with a lower temperature (about 800 ° C) and the absence of oxygen.
Roofing plus
Vladimir Mikhailov Many people think that the important thing at the top - this is a roofing material. And it's not far from the truth. However, non sorts additional elements that allow to mount and operate the roof with no problems. If you look closely to any roof, it soon becomes apparent that for her, apart from the roofing material, there is something else. Some elements combine pieces of the roof, some rise above it, others are attached at the side and are intended for diversion of rain and melt water. We begin our review directly with the additional elements that are needed for all types of roofs. Any pitched roof (such as the vast majority of suburban homes) has a ridge, where converge the opposite of the roof, in some cases - valley in which the roof izlamyvaetsya forming inside corners. These sites of fractures, joints of different fragments of the roof, require careful protection. Ie, the first additional elements - it skates and valley, as well as cornices, without which, too, is a part of the roof. But their list is not exhaustive, it is very large and diverse. And there are certain differences in the composition of these elements for different types of roofs. Manufacturing companies, again, in his own form this set is called functionally similar elements. Take, for example, one of the most common roofing material - metal. As is known, it is a sheet roofing material, which comes with a special fixture and a number of additional elements. In one proposal, this series is as follows: skate, skate shaped strap curtain strap snow guard, trim profile, plums garage, valley bottom, the upper valley, a cap.
Evroshifer, metal tile, soft tile
The last decade was marked by the active promotion of a number of new roofing materials. One after the other in the marketplace took evroshifer, metal tile, soft tile, surpassing traditional roofing materials. Today's story - about one of the "new friends" - bitumen, or, as it is called, soft tiles. Advantages of a roof - is, first of all, simplicity of service, as well as durability, resistance to wind loads. Preserving dignity evroruberoyda, soft roof, unlike the material, has a beautiful appearance. Shingles is almost waste-free does not rust and rot (she was not afraid of any pests) and is suitable for simple surfaces, and for roofs that contain complex architectural elements. Finally, a small proportion of the material (depending on the manufacturer and the components used, about 9.12 kg / m 2) allows the use of lightweight truss construction, a variety of shapes, colors and shades - to achieve a unique solution for each individual home. Tiles produced various forms: in the form of a hexagon, rectangle, triangle, oval, wavy, etc., and has lots of colors. COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS At first glance, this material is nothing new - soft tile is shaped pieces of glass fiber or polyester fiber (base), impregnated with a binder on a modified bitumen basis, and, in fact, not very different from evroruberoyda (except that the geometry and , respectively, in a manner fasteners). In fact, the systematic improvement of the properties has led to a qualitatively new product, rightfully popular zastoyschikov.
Fashion on the slate
Slate now back in vogue. Asbestos cement slate can be regarded as a roof covering made of tonkoarmirovannogo cement, fibers which have high tensile strength, tensile stresses are perceived. Slate now back in vogue. Asbestos cement slate can be regarded as a roof covering made of tonkoarmirovannogo cement, fibers which have high tensile strength, tensile stresses are perceived. Such material has not only high mechanical strength, but also other valuable properties: fire resistance, low permeability, durability. Asbestos cement slate of very cheap material, but the attitude of consumers towards him is ambiguous. In our country, the controversy about the harmful effects of asbestos does not last one year: there is a perception that its use is injurious to health. But the slate is mounted on the outer side of the roof, also located underneath several layers of roof membrane: it turns out that he is not in direct contact with humans and is unlikely to harm health. We establish the fact that asbestos is not banned in Russia: it is still widely used in construction. This slate is an inexpensive, one of the most popular roofing materials. Moreover, it is easy to install: it can be cut and drilled conventional carpentry tools. Perhaps, asbestos slate is not very aesthetic in the traditional "Soviet" performance, but lately in the stores, new, colored variety of the material. Currently used types of asbestos-cement products such as corrugated sheets, flat panels and roof panels.
Thursday, August 25, 2011
On systems of drainage
Sewer systems are needed virtually any roof. They protect the outer walls and basement from water, the foundation - from excessive moisture. Thanks drains water from the roof is collected and sent to one place, and the building is not threatened premature failure. In addition, the system can be as decorative, to emphasize the transition from the roof to the walls of the gable to the front. This house will look stylish and elegant. The most common materials for gutters - PVC, galvanized iron and copper. System of PVC each year are enjoying increasing popularity. Their undoubted advantages are: - complete absence of corrosion - almost complete silence in the rain - resistance to natural influences, including UV rays - frost resistance - resistance to chemical attack (acids, hydrocarbons). The disadvantages are: - to change the linear dimensions of the sudden temperature drop - to combustion instability (at the same time, plastic is difficult to ignite and stops to melt immediately after the removal of fire) - smaller than that of metal, resistance to mechanical stress. The service life of plastic guttering is about 50 years and depends largely on the installation and the environment. System made of galvanized iron are less durable than PVC. Without the special coating after 6-8 years of zinc layer is destroyed and the iron starts to corrode, reducing the life of drainage and spoils the appearance of the building. To avoid this, the system is covered with enamel or lacquer on metal, designed to work outdoors.
Wednesday, August 24, 2011
Tuesday, August 23, 2011
Monday, August 22, 2011
Sunday, August 21, 2011
Saturday, August 20, 2011
Floor slabs and roof slabs of polystyrene
Floor slabs and roof slabs of polystyrene - is one of the most modern types of overlap. The basic property of floor slabs and roof slabs of polystyrene is their low weight, which causes small load bearing frame and foundation of the building. In addition, they are characterized by high physical, thermal and acoustic properties, as well as ease of installation. On the basis of polystyrene designed three overlapping systems: Mounting system overlap - this is when the overlap be established bearing beams, and then filling the elements - the slab. Polumontazhnaya system - installed mounting plates, and over the filling layer of concrete. Monolithic system overlaps is very simple system, characterized by installing corrugated roofing sheets. Slabs are made to order and generally available for spans of up to 4,0 m (thickness of 140 mm and weighing 150 kg / m 2), length 4,0 - 5,0 m (thickness of 180 mm and weighing 190 kg / m 2) and 5,0 - 6,0 m (thickness of 220 mm and weighing 230 kg / m 2). On special request may be made board and other sizes. Slab of polystyrene can be mounted at any time of year with small forklifts, and even manually. When using the floor slabs and roof slabs do not require the application of the plaster (rather putty cement grout or adhesive for ceramic tiles), resulting in significantly reduced time finishing works. Although this new material for the floor, but floor slabs and roof slabs of polystyrene has already won the sympathy of local builders, as a reliable and practical material.
Choosing building materials
Today, the market represented by large assortment of building materials, although they do not chasnoe otvechayut quality standards. Buyers have no idea what health effects may result in the use of substandard materials. At an uncontrolled market for more than half of all construction materials do not meet state standards and may pose a risk to human health. The most common "pitfalls" which customers can expect when choosing materials. When purchasing a parquet flooring and parquet board is rightly recognized as the most environmentally friendly types of flooring. Practicality and comfort of natural wood is not practical to replace. But even the most expensive and environmentally friendly flooring will lose all their positive qualities when choosing the wrong paint. Synthetic paints emit aromatic hydrocarbons, are often the experts found they toluene and xylene, which are used as solvents. These substances can irritate the eyes and cause skin diseases, and with constant exposure cause serious disturbances in the nervous system. Also a health hazard can conceal the glue that is a source of toluene, acetone, which, being toxic substances can cause infertility in women, contribute to miscarriages. The most accessible natural parquet simulator is a laminate. In fact, the laminate can not be considered a substitute for hardwood floors. Its front side may take the form of dozens of species of wood, but the similarities with laminate flooring finish. This coating consists of several layers, based on the composition includes wood chips and paper.
Friday, August 19, 2011
Thursday, August 18, 2011
Wednesday, August 17, 2011
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Monday, August 15, 2011
Sunday, August 14, 2011
Saturday, August 13, 2011
Friday, August 12, 2011
Thursday, August 11, 2011
Wednesday, August 10, 2011
Tuesday, August 9, 2011
Monday, August 8, 2011
Sunday, August 7, 2011
Saturday, August 6, 2011
Friday, August 5, 2011
Thursday, August 4, 2011
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Brick: selection, characterization, producers
... A solid company built luxury brick house. Began lining the facade, but then doubted. The bricks seemed to them suspicious. Given to the examination, and found that frost resistance of brick is not responsible Moscow standards. I had to get rid of it in a hurry, and the house was revived with a new, "correct" brick. This story ended well. And many others, alas, ended badly. For example, did the dome of brick dry pressing, still covered with pure gold, and the dome began to leak. Or: they brought a brick to the construction site, left a few months, but when it came time to build, it turned out that all brick cracked. And the reason turned out to be everywhere the same: brick incorrectly selected. How to make the right choice So let's try to figure out what kind of brick - a "right". According to the "Dictionary of Russian language, edited by DN Ushakov, brick is: 1. Artificial stone, manufactured in the form of bars of clay and is used for buildings. 2. One piece of this stone. 3. The solid material in the form of a stone. What are the bricks of composition and process for producing a brick is divided into two groups - ceramic and calcium silicate. Ceramic brick is produced by firing clay and mixtures thereof. Sand-lime brick - consists of approximately 90% sand, 10% lime and a small proportion of additives. Mixture is sent to the autoclave, and not in the kiln, as is the case with a ceramic brick. If you add pigments, you can get calcium silicate bricks of almost any color - blue, green, raspberry, violet.
Clay bricks and hollow
BRICK CLAY ordinary bricks has a rectangular parallelepiped with flat faces and straight edges and corners; size 250h120h65 or 250x120x88 mm. For brick-thick 88 mm necessary to have round or slotted technology voids. For the production of building bricks are usually used fusible clay containing 50 - 75% silica, and clay loam with emaciated and burnable additives or without them. Volumetric weight of the clay ordinary bricks is within the 1700 - 1900 kg / m?, and coefficient of thermal conductivity, 0.65 - 0.7 kcal / m h o o deg. Depending on the magnitude of the compressive strength brick is divided into grade 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200. Brick, dried to constant weight, should have water absorption of not less than 8%. This requirement implies a certain porosity of bricks, because otherwise it will be characterized by high thermal conductivity and, furthermore, it will be bad bite mortar. Frost resistance of brick, not less than 15 cycles of alternate freezing and thawing. Brick must be properly burned. The firing temperature for ordinary brick clays averages 900 - 1100 `S. Pale brick (scarlet) has insufficient strength, low resistance to water and frost, and bleach (iron ore) have higher bulk density, high density and strength, a relatively high thermal conductivity and, as a rule, distorted form. Brick must meet the requirements of the standard appearance. This is established by inspection and measurement of a certain number of bricks from each party on the following characteristics: the deviation from the specified dimensions (length ± 6, ± 4 in width, thickness ± H mm), curved (for bed up to 4 mm, a spoonful of 5 mm), chipped corners and edges (no more than two on each brick size not exceeding 15 mm), the presence of through-cracks, passing across a brick (no more than one length of 40 mm inclusive).
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
How to make a candy house
Mikhail Skvortsov When the load-bearing structures built houses, one of the main concerns of the homeowner - facade. Wow, that house looked like candy, and is not simply the four walls of the roof! Moreover, we can go our separate ways, in particular, use the various options facing. Species facing quite a lot. For the most part it is used in the decoration of the facades of houses built of brick or concrete honeycomb and frame. The facades of wooden houses are faced in rare cases, and the reason is clear: the tree does not require, as a rule, ennobling. But a wall of bricks requires finishing, and for these purposes can also use a brick. Paradox? Not at all. Brick Brick divisive, not all varieties are used to create support structures. Selection of special bricks, both domestic and foreign, is very broad. Facing ceramic bricks made on the most modern equipment, allowing to receive dozens of different shades and texture of the surface. Some European manufacturers are offering consumers about 500 colors and shades that can satisfy the most demanding customers. And produced not only rectangular bricks, but figured that allows any surface finish. The house can be built from the most crude and cheap materials, say from cinder blocks, but finished with decorative brick, finds the noble shape, it is aesthetically appealing. Paving tile mimics standard brick, repeating its shape and dimensions, except thickness. Peculiarities of production technology, as well as long roasting gives this material increased strength, frost resistance and make it virtually waterproof.
Firmness of the brickwork
Oksana Kolganova Reputation brick houses are rugged and durable as they are. The formula "brick = reliability" seems completely unchanged. The emergence of new technologies of low-rise building did not shake this confidence. And for most landowners is the cherished dream of building is a brick house. Brick houses are long, look respectable, and for years they do not lose their external and, especially, performance. Brick is the second level of environmental after a tree: it is made from natural materials and has a high ability to water vapor (the people say: "Brick breathes"). Due to fire brick wall it may abut the fireplace and stoves. In the summer of brick walls from the heat shield and heat in the winter - a long time to keep warm. Architectural features of buildings made of bricks are practically unlimited: the small size of the bricks can build a wall of them all, even the most complex and unusual configurations. Brick, which is a construction town houses today - it's certainly not his 200-year-old predecessor, the structure of which is intended to stand firmly for centuries. Modern brick - a lightweight, porous and very "delicate" ceramics - with a diverse array of internal openings. Stretcher and header on the jargon is the biggest party of brick is called "bed", long side - "stretcher", and short - "poke." If the bricks are laid in such a way that shows only a spoon, it is - Stretcher bond series, and unless Kicks - perpender series.
This fragile bricks
Vitaly Lviv If you do how long a business, your manner of speaking will certainly change the professional jargon, incomprehensible to the uninitiated. Especially when the cause and which you do not one hundred years. These sailors had never rung a bell, but only a bell and call a ladder ladder. Here and masons have something to surprise the casual listener. Imagine that you have witnessed the following conversation: "spread-ka, a friend, bed of mortar on the bed for a number of outdoor mile Stretcher bond. Like it is in Russian said, but agree that this gibberish. And yet, everything is simple. But let's start from the beginning. Each face brick has its own special name. The two largest area faces, located on both sides, called a bed. Of brick, in most cases is placed on the solution. The long sides are called the spoons, and short blows. Only in rare cases Stretcher bond brick laid on edge, for example for the manufacture of moldings, or extremely thin walls. Speaking about the thickness of masonry, usually explain that it is laid out in a half-brick, one, two or three bricks. Bricks are laid along the long side walls, forming a half-brick masonry. As part of a complex series of masonry bricks called Stretcher bond series. If the brick is laid across the long side walls, a number will be called perpender. Versts called extreme rows of brick, which form the surface of the masonry. Located a mile from the front are called external, and addressed to the premises - inside.
Monday, August 1, 2011
Naphthalene naphthalene in its own right
Mikhail Skvortsov current building materials market, admittedly, pretty spoiled our customers. One company offers him build a house out of foam, the other - from calibrated or laminated board, and others are threatening to contractors for a week and a half to build a full-framed construction. Good old-fashioned brick house building technology could drown in a stormy sea of ??various proposals, but common sense and the inertia (in a good sense of the word) until this hindrance. Yes, it is inert domestic consumer of construction services, he often wary of many innovations in such a conservative case, as the construction of individual houses. Not that there was no confidence in new technologies - just our people are accustomed to trust what you can touch. If you feel the same brick, then I feel like saying: "Maesh thing! And because many are not afraid of the need to put these tiny (compared to, say, a log or concrete blocks), building elements and spend a lot of time in uncomfortable "wet" processes. Or are consumers simply can remember the old nursery tale about three pigs? It survived only house that is built Naf Naf, ... Whatever it was, a brick house building still exists and develops. And therefore we would like, no hurry with the judgments, to examine the feasibility and prospects for this most traditional of our Palestinian method of construction of individual houses. The advantages of a brick can be attributed, firstly, a high resistance to atmospheric influences of any kind - from rain and snow to the hurricane.
Universal and irreplaceable
Vladimir Mikhailov Whatever you may say in defense of wood and frame technology, and many Koreans still dream of a brick house, which is not afraid of any vagaries of weather, or natural disasters. And in Asia, brick - it is brick, and in Europe, and even in America, where the trials were mainly "frivolous" panel frame houses. Outstanding of its kind building material that can not win any scientific and technological progress. It can win only by human stupidity, and this need to dwell. Think head Dreaming of capital brick house, our man often behaves like Manilow. That is not serious, his dreams are very far from the capital, they are lightweight and airy. Example? Please: the customer is determined by building materials (brick and only the brick!), But does not deign to even look at the ground on the site. The brick building is never easy - no matter what way clutches are used, no matter how hollow bricks or were taken. It is an axiom. The consequence of this axiom is increased pressure on the structure of the soil, which should definitely be considered. Principal bans the construction of brick houses on some type of soil there, the ban could be relevant except that by the topographic features of the site. For example, if a part of a large vertical drop (the hillside), and the soil is sandy, brick house, or will slide down the slope, or would such an expensive foundation, that the building would be uneconomic. In geological engineering in the construction of a brick building should be carefully and fully compared, for example, the construction of houses made of thin logs.
Brickwork - reinforcement
Performs a clutch, increased steel reinforcement, which lies on the ground in a mortar between the bricks. When squeezing action forces, reinforcement of the seams despite the friction and adhesion with the cement works together with the masonry. Reinforcement is divided into - lengthwise and crosswise. Transverse reinforcement - carry a mesh or a few bars. Terminals accept cross lengthening efforts that begin with grimaces masonry prevent break bricks with twists and tension that they increase the carrying capacity of squeezed element. Columns and walls are reinforced intersecting mesh reinforcement. Size rods for lateral reinforcement of masonry, may be not less than 2,5 mm and not more than 8 mm. Together the diameter of reinforcement in rectangular grids must be 5 mm zigzag no thicker than 8 mm. Use of large diameter valves initiates impermissible increase in the thickness of the horizontal joints and a decrease in strength of masonry. To protect against rust reinforcement mesh top and bottom cover shell of the solution of not less than 2 mm. Reinforcing the rectangular grid is placed no closer in 5 rows of masonry, with thick brick after 4 series. Staggered grid paired in 2 adjacent rows in order to line the rods they had mutually perpendicular. For the distance between the zigzag grids get the distance between grids 1 direction. The rods are welded nets or interconnected special wire. The distance between the rods in the grids should be 30 mm and not more than 120 mm. Mesh must be of such a diameter so that the ends of the rods protruded by 3 mm to 1 of the inner surfaces of the column or wall.
Ceramic bricks
Brick Ceramic ordinary (ordinary), full-bodied - a rectangular parallelepiped of size 250x120x65 mm, at least - 288hh138hb5 (modular). For ceramic brick thickness of 88 mm and unit required the presence of round and slotted holes. Density 1600-1900 kg/m3 brick. Brick must be properly burned, as underburning (red brick) has insufficient strength, low water and frost. Bleach brick (iron ore) has a higher density and thermal conductivity, and are usually irregular in shape. To appoint a ceramic brick is facing, construction and special. Building bricks are designed to build internal and external walls. Facing brick outer surface has a high quality, resists water, frost and suitable for virtually all outdoor activities. Ceramic brick is specially designed for specific operating conditions. In frost resistance bricks is classified into four grades: P-15, -25, -35 and -50. Ordinary ceramic brick masonry is used for exterior and interior walls, making wall blocks and panels, masonry stoves and chimneys in places where the temperature does not exceed the temperature of firing bricks. Brick dry pressing is not recommended for laying the foundations and plinths below the waterproofing layer. Brick clay common inappropriate use of frame houses and walls of upper floors, since it has an excessive strength, weight and relatively high thermal conductivity. In such buildings is far more profitable to apply the "effective" brick with less weight. The strength of ceramic bricks. These qualities define the ability of the material to resist degradation caused by external forces that cause it the internal stresses.
Apparel for the walls of noble houses
Vitaly Lviv Stone - one of the first natural materials used by man for construction. However, the construction technology at the time pushed him to second place. Now it is used mainly for decoration and repair. But not everyone can afford them oblitsevat wall of the house, because it is expensive and time-consuming additional activities to enhance the surface of the walls and preparing the stone. But human ingenuity has no limits. The Russian fans of this material is now an alternative - a technology of manufacturing artificial stone. The name "artificial stone" refers to its origin rather than to the appearance. Distinguish the real from the fake is possible only with very close range, and then specifically asks this purpose - to modern technologies allow us to simulate and shape, and color, and texture of natural materials. Its constituent elements - the cement of the highest marks (Portland), light organic fillers (concrete block) and high-quality natural dyes. Polymer binders are used to enhance the mechanical and strength properties of the material and, to improve other operational and consumer properties. However, choosing the "stone" for finishing, should inquire in advance of his compositions - some ingredients are not safe from the environmental point of view (eg, phenol formaldehyde resin), and other products reduces the resistance to repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing. One must always take a product from proven and responsible manufacturers and their dealers, demand from the seller the appropriate certificates.